Capacitance measuring system and method

ABSTRACT

A system operable between a charging mode and a transferring mode for measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor, includes a switching unit configured to, in a first phase of the charging mode, arrange the capacitive sensor to be charged by a first supply voltage from a first end of the capacitive sensor until a voltage difference between the first end and an opposite second end of the capacitive sensor reaches a first predetermined voltage, and in a second phase of the charging mode, disconnect the first end of the capacitive sensor from the first supply voltage and couple the second end of the capacitive sensor (10) to a second supply voltage to raise a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor to a second predetermined voltage.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application No. 16/741,598, filed Jan. 13, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,415,611 issued Aug. 16, 2022, which claims priority to PCT Patent Application No. PCT/CN2019/100499, filed Aug. 14, 2019, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a capacitive sensor system and, more particularly, to a capacitance measuring system.

BACKGROUND

Capacitive sensor systems are widely used in various applications, for example, in human interface applications to sense touch or proximity of a body, and in motor applications to determine a position of a rotatable shaft of a motor, by detecting a capacitance change between two opposite electrodes of a capacitive sensor.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to capacitive sensor systems that determine touch or proximity to a capacitive sensor by detecting a capacitance change between two opposite electrodes of the capacitive sensor. In a capacitive sensor system, capacitance between the two electrodes of the capacitive sensing plate are measured by repeatedly charging the capacitive sensing plate and transferring charges charged to the capacitive sensing plate to a sample capacitor through a current mirror.

In one example, the present disclosure provides a system operable between a charging mode and a transferring mode for measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor. The system includes a first input terminal configured to couple a first end of the capacitive sensor and a second input terminal configured to couple a second end of the capacitive sensor, and a switching unit coupled to the first and second ends of the capacitive sensor. The charging mode includes at least first and second phases. In the first phase, the switching unit arranges the capacitive sensor to be charged by a first supply voltage from the first end of the capacitive sensor until a voltage difference between the first and second ends of the capacitive sensor reaches a first predetermined voltage. In the second phase, the switching unit disconnects the first end of the capacitive sensor from the first supply voltage and couples the second end of the capacitive sensor to a second supply voltage to raise a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor to a second predetermined voltage.

In another example, the present disclosure provides a system operable between a charging mode and a transferring mode for measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor. The system includes a first input terminal configured to couple a first end of the capacitive sensor, and a transferring unit with an input node configured to be electrically coupled to the first end of the capacitive sensor in the transferring mode. The transferring unit includes a current mirror that discharges the capacitive sensor with a discharging current until a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor decreases to a first predetermined voltage and transfers a number of electric charges to a sample capacitor by mirroring the discharging current, wherein the current mirror receives a reference voltage and sets a bias voltage at the input node of the transferring unit based on the reference voltage, wherein the first predetermined voltage is based on the bias voltage.

In yet another example, the present disclosure provides a method of measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor. The method includes coupling a first end of the capacitive sensor to a first supply voltage to charge the capacitive sensor from the first end until a voltage difference between the first end and an opposite second end of the capacitive sensor reaches a first predetermined voltage, and disconnecting the first end of the capacitive sensor from the first supply voltage, and coupling the second end of the capacitive sensor to a second supply voltage to raise a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor to from the first predetermined voltage to a second predetermined voltage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a capacitance measuring system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transferring unit of the capacitance measuring system of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram illustrating change of a voltage at a first end of a capacitive sensor during charging and transferring modes under the control of switches of a switching unit of the capacitance measuring system of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure relates to capacitance measuring systems for measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , a schematic block diagram of a capacitance measuring system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The system 100 is operable between a charging mode and a transferring mode for measuring capacitance C_(x) of a capacitive sensor 10, for example, a capacitive sensor for sensing touch or proximity of a conductive body. A parasitic capacitive element 12 with capacitance C_(p) is coupled between a first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 and ground V_(GND). The system 100 includes a first input terminal 101 a for coupling a first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10, and a second input terminal 101 b for coupling a second end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10.

The system 100 includes a switching unit 102 coupled to the first and second ends 10 a and 10 b respectively through the first and second input terminals 101 a and 101 b, and a transferring unit 104, coupled to the switching unit 104, configured to discharge the capacitive sensor 10 in the transferring mode.

The switching unit 102 is configured to switch the system 100 between the charging mode and transferring mode by connecting and disconnecting the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to and from the transferring unit 104, and switching the system 100 between first and second phases in the charging mode. In one example, the switching unit 102 includes a first switch 106 coupled between a first supply voltage 14 a and the first input terminal 101 a, a second switch 108 coupled between the second input terminal 101 b and ground V_(GND), and a third switch 110 coupled between the second input terminal 101 b and a second supply voltage 14 b. The switching unit 102 further includes a fourth switch 112 coupled between the first input terminal 101 a and an input node 114 of the transferring unit 104. The first to fourth switches 106 through 112 can be transistors operating between ON and OFF status respectively controlled by corresponding control signals S₁ to S₄.

In the charging mode, the fourth switch 112 is open to disconnect the transferring unit 104 from the capacitive sensor 10 and the parasitic capacitive element 12. In the first phase, the switching unit 102 arranges the capacitive sensor 10 to be charged by the first supply voltage 14 a from the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 until a voltage difference between the first and second ends 10 a and 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 reaches a first predetermined voltage. In one example, in the first phase, the first and second switches 106 and 108 are closed and the third switch ∠is open, and the capacitive sensor 10 is charged by the first supply voltage 14 a until a voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 reaches the first predetermined voltage. In a preferred embodiment, the first predetermined voltage is proportional to the first supply voltage 14 a. In another preferred embodiment, the first predetermined voltage is same as the first supply voltage 14 a.

After the voltage difference between the first and second ends 10 a and 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 reaches the first predetermined voltage, the switching unit 102 switches the system 100 from the first phase to the second phase of the charging mode by opening the first switch 106 to disconnect the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 from the first supply voltage 14 a, opening the second switch 108 and closing the third switch 110 to couple the second end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 to the second supply voltage 14 b, to raise the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to a second predetermined voltage. In a preferred embodiment, an increase from the first predetermined voltage to the second predetermined voltage is based on the second supply voltage 14 b and the capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10 and the capacitance C_(p) of the parasitic capacitive element 12. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second supply voltages 14 a and 14 b are a same supply voltage V_(reg) generated from and in proportion to a bandgap voltage reference V_(bg) that is a temperature independent voltage reference. For example, the supply voltage V_(reg) is 1.25V_(bg). Where the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg) is 1.2V with 50ppm/C, the supply voltage V_(reg) is 1.5V.

In one example, the second predetermined voltage is defined in accordance with the equation below:

$\begin{matrix} {V_{x} = {V_{reg} + {V_{reg}\left( \frac{C_{x}}{C_{x} + C_{p}} \right)}}} & (1) \end{matrix}$

In a preferred embodiment, the capacitance C_(p) of the parasitic capacitive element 12 is much smaller than the capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10, for example, being 1/100 to 1/10 of the capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10, the second predetermined voltage is approximately equal to 2V_(reg). Compared to other methods where the voltage at the first end 10 a is charged to the supply voltage V_(reg), in the present disclosure, the anti-interference ability of the system 100 is strengthened by using the switching unit 102 to raise the voltage at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to be higher than the supply voltage V_(reg).

After the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 reaches the second predetermined voltage, the system 100 switches to the transferring mode by closing the fourth switch 112 to electrically couple the capacitive sensor 10 and the parasitic capacitive element 12 to the input node 114 of the transferring unit 104. In a preferred embodiment, the second end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 remains being coupled to the second supply voltage 14 b in the transferring mode.

In the transferring mode, the transferring unit 104 discharges the capacitive sensor 10 with a discharging current I_(in) until the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 decreases to a third predetermined voltage in proportion to a reference voltage V_(ref) provided to the transferring unit 104, and transfers a number of electric charges to a sample capacitor 116 having known capacitance C_(s) by mirroring the discharging current I_(in) from the capacitive sensor 10 to an output current I_(out), and charges the sample capacitor 116 with the output current I_(out). In a preferred embodiment, the reference voltage V_(ref) is generated from and in proportion to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg), such that end point of discharging is well controlled. In a preferred embodiment, the reference voltage V_(ref) is equal to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg).

The system 100 operates repeatedly between the charging and transferring modes until a voltage across the sample capacitor 116 reaches a trip voltage V_(trip) The capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10 is determined based on cycles of a control signal S₄ that have been provided to the fourth switch 112 and the capacitance C_(s) of the sample capacitor 116. In one example, the trip voltage V_(trip) is also generated from and in proportion to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg). The capacitance C_(s) of the sample capacitor 116 is large enough to store multiple times of the number of electric charges when the voltage across the sample capacitor 116 reaches the trip voltage V_(trip).

In a preferred embodiment, a first end of the sample capacitor 116 is coupled to an output terminal 118 of the transferring unit 104 and a first input terminal of a comparator 120, and an opposite second end of the sample capacitor 116 is preferably coupled to ground V_(GND). The comparator 118 compares the voltage at the first end of the sample capacitor 116 with the trip voltage V_(trip), and generates a signal indicating that the voltage at the first end of the sample capacitor 116 reaches the trip voltage V_(trip).

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transferring unit 200 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The transferring unit 200 can correspond to the transferring unit 104 of the capacitance measuring system 100 in the example of FIG. 1 that has an input node 202 configured to be electrically coupled to the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 in the transferring mode, and an output terminal 204 configured to be coupled to the sample capacitor 116.

In a preferred embodiment, the transferring unit 200 includes a current mirror 206 that discharges the capacitive sensor 10 and the parasitic capacitive element 12 with the discharging current I_(in) until the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 a decreases to the second predetermined voltage, and transfers a number of electric charges to the sample capacitor 116 with the output current I_(out) by mirroring the discharging current I_(in) to the output current I_(out), and a current source 208 that provides a bias current I_(b) to the current mirror 206.

In a preferred embodiment, the current mirror 206 is a class AB current mirror that includes at least one PMOS current mirror 210 and at least one NMOS current mirror 212 coupled in series between third and fourth supply voltages V_(dd) and V_(ss), which allows to reduce the bias current relative to the discharging current I_(in). The current mirror 206 also includes a translinear loop 214 coupled to the at least one PMOS current mirror 208 and at least one NMOS current mirror 210. The translinear loop 214 includes four transistors M1 through M4 coupled in a loop. The transistors M1 and M2 are coupled at source terminals thereof and cascaded between input sides of the at least one PMOS current mirror 208 and at least one NMOS current mirror 210, wherein the transistor M1 is a NMOS transistor with a drain terminal coupled to an input side of the at least one PMOS current mirror 208, and the transistor M2 is a PMOS transistor with a drain terminal coupled to an input side of the at least one NMOS current mirror 210. In one example, the input node 202 of the transferring unit 200 is coupled to source terminals of the transistor M1 and M2. The transistors M3 and M4 are coupled at source terminals thereof and have gate terminals respectively coupled to gate terminals of the transistors M2 and M1, and drain terminals respectively coupled to gate terminals thereof. The transistors M3 and M4 receive the bias current I_(b) provided by the current source 208 respectively from drain terminals thereof and receive the reference voltage V_(ref) at the source terminals thereof, and the transistors M1 and M2 provide the bias current I_(b) to the at least one PMOS current mirror 208 and at least one NMOS current mirror 210 and set a bias voltage at the input node 202 of the transferring unit 200 based on the reference voltage V_(ref).

In a preferred embodiment, a ratio of the output current I_(out) over the discharging current I_(in) is programmable by providing at least one programmable current mirror among the at least one PMOS current mirror 210 and at least one NMOS current mirror 212. As the example shown in FIG. 2 , the input side of the NMOS current mirror 212 includes multiple current sinks 216 through 222. Gate terminals of transistors in the current sink 222 are coupled to gate terminals of corresponding transistors in the output side of the NMOS current mirror 212. The ratio is programmable by providing a ratio signal to gate terminals of the NMOS transistors in the current sinks 216 through 220. In another example, the NMOS current mirror 212 can be enabled or disabled by providing an enable signal to the gate terminals of the transistors in the current sink 222 and the output side. The at least one PMOS current mirror 210 can also be arranged in the same manner to be programmable.

FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram 300 illustrating change of the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 during charging and transferring modes under the control of switches of the switching unit 102 of the capacitance measuring system 100 of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Starting from a first cycle, in the charging mode, the fourth switch 112 is switched off, for example, by de-asserting the control signal S₄ provided to the fourth switch 112, to disconnect the transferring unit 104 from the capacitive sensor 10 and the parasitic capacitive element 12. In the first phase, the first switch 106 is switched on, for example, by asserting the control signal S₁ provided to the first switch 106, to couple the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to the supply voltage V_(reg), and the second switch 108 is switched on and the third switch 110 is switched off respectively by the control signals S₂ and S₃ to couple the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to ground V_(GND). The capacitive sensor 10 is charged by the supply voltage V_(reg) until the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a reaches the first predetermined voltage, for example, the supply voltage V_(reg).

The switching unit 102 then switches the system 100 from the first phase to the second phase of the charging mode by switching off the first and second switches 106 and 108 and switching on the third switch 110 to disconnect the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 from the supply voltage V_(reg) and couple the second end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 to the supply voltage V_(reg) to raise the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to a second predetermined voltage. In a preferred embodiment, a first gap time 302 is provided between the first and second phases to ensure break-before-make switch action. In the second phase, the capacitive sensor 10 and the parasitic capacitive element 12 are coupled in series between the supply voltage V_(reg) and ground V_(GND). The increase from the first predetermined voltage to the second predetermined voltage is based on the capacitances C_(x) and C_(p) of the capacitive sensor 10 and the parasitic capacitive element 12. In a preferred embodiment, the second predetermined voltage is defined in accordance with the equation (1).

The switching unit 102 then switches the system 100 from the charging mode to the transferring mode by switching on the fourth switch 112, for example, asserting the control signal S₄, to couple the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to the transferring unit 104.

In the transferring mode, the transferring unit 104 discharges the capacitive sensor 10 until the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 decreases to a third predetermined voltage in proportion to a reference voltage V_(ref) provided to the transferring unit 104. In a preferred embodiment, the third predetermined voltage is equal to the reference voltage V_(ref) that is set to be the bias voltage at the input node 202 of the transferring unit 104. The number of electric charges transferred to the sample capacitor 116 is based on a voltage difference ΔV_(x) from the second to the third predetermined voltages at the first end 10 a of the first capacitive sensor 10. In a preferred embodiment, the voltage difference ΔV_(x) is defined in accordance with the equation below:

$\begin{matrix} {{\Delta V_{x}} = {V_{reg} + {V_{reg}\left( \frac{C_{x}}{C_{x} + C_{p}} \right)} - V_{ref}}} & (2) \end{matrix}$

Therefore, where the capacitance C_(p) of the parasitic capacitive element 12 is much smaller than the capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10, for example, being 1/100 to 1/10 of the capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10, the voltage difference ΔV_(x) is further defined in accordance with the equation below:

ΔV_(x)=2V_(reg)−V_(ref)   (3)

The first cycle is followed by a subsequent second cycle which is same as the first cycle by switching on the first and second switches 106 and 108 and switching off the third and fourth switches 110 and 112 respectively by the control signals S₁ through S_(4.) In a preferred embodiment, a second gap time 304 is preferably provided after switching off the third and fourth switches 110 and 112 and before switching on the first and second switches 106 and 108 to ensure break-before-make switch action. Because both of the supply voltage V_(reg) and reference voltage V_(ref) are generated from and in proportion to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg) that is a temperature independent voltage reference, the number of electric charges transferred to the sample capacitor 116 in each cycle is more stable along with temperature and process.

Referring to FIG. 4 , a flow chart of a method 400 for measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor with a capacitance measuring system in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The capacitance measuring system, shown as the system 100 of FIG. 1 , operable between a charging mode and a transferring mode, for measuring the capacitance of the capacitive sensor 10 for example, to sense touch or proximity of a conductive body. The system 100 includes a switching unit 102 selectively coupled the first and second ends 10 a and 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 to first and second supply voltages to charge the capacitive sensor 10, and a transferring unit 104 coupled to the switching unit 102, configured for discharging the capacitive sensor 10 in the transferring mode and transfers a number of electric charges to a sample capacitor by mirroring a discharging current I_(in) from the capacitive sensor 10 to measure the capacitance of the capacitive sensor 10.

Starting at step 402, the switching unit 102 couples the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to a first supply voltage 14 a to charge the capacitive sensor 10 until a voltage difference between the first and second ends 10 a and 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 reaches a first predetermined voltage. In a preferred embodiment, the first predetermined voltage is proportional to the first supply voltage 14 a. In another preferred embodiment, said charging includes coupling the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to the first supply voltage 14 a and coupling the second end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 to ground V_(GND), wherein the first predetermined voltage is same as the first supply voltage 14 a.

At step 404, the switching unit 102 disconnects the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 from the first supply voltage 14 a. In a preferred embodiment, the switching unit 102 also disconnects the second end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 from the ground V_(GND).

At step 406, the switching unit 102 couples the second end 10 b of the capacitive sensor 10 to a second supply voltage 14 b to raise a voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to a second predetermined voltage. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second supply voltages 14 a and 14 b is a same supply voltage V_(reg) generated from and in proportion to a bandgap voltage reference V_(bg) that is a temperature independent voltage reference. For example, the supply voltage V_(reg) is 1.25V_(bg). Where the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg) is 1.2V with 50ppm/C, the supply voltage V_(reg) is 1.5V. The increase from the first predetermined voltage to the second predetermined voltage is based on the capacitances C_(x) and C_(p) of the capacitive sensor 10 and the parasitic capacitive element 12. In a preferred embodiment, the second predetermined voltage is defined in accordance with the equation (1). In a preferred embodiment, a first gap time 302 is provided between the steps 404 and 406 to ensure break-before-make switch action.

At step 408, the switching unit 102 switches the system 100 from the charging mode to the transferring mode by electrically coupling the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 to an input node of a current mirror of the transferring unit 104. The current mirror, for example, shown as the current mirror 206 in FIG. 2 , discharges the capacitive sensor 10 until the voltage V_(x) at the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 decreases to a third predetermined voltage. The third predetermined voltage is in proportion to a reference voltage V_(ref) provided to the transferring unit 104. In a preferred embodiment, the third predetermined voltage is equal to the reference voltage V_(ref) that is set to be the bias voltage at the input node 114 of the transferring unit 104. In a preferred embodiment, the reference voltage V_(ref) is generated from and in proportion to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg). In a preferred embodiment, the reference voltage V_(ref) is equal to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg). In a preferred embodiment, the current mirror 206 is a class AB current mirror that includes at least one PMOS current mirror 210 and at least one NMOS current mirror 212 coupled in series between third and fourth supply voltages V_(dd) and V_(ss), which allows to reduce the bias current relative to the discharging current I_(in).

At step 410, the current mirror 206 transfers the number of electric charges to the sample capacitor 116 by mirroring the discharging current I_(in) to an output current I_(out) that charges the sample capacitor 116. The number of electric charges is based on a voltage difference ΔV_(x) from the second to the third predetermined voltages at the first end 10 a of the first capacitive sensor 10. In a preferred embodiment, the voltage difference ΔV_(x) is defined in accordance with the equation (2). Where the capacitance C_(p) of the parasitic capacitive element 12 is much smaller than the capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10, for example, being 1/100 to 1/10 of the capacitance C_(x) of the capacitive sensor 10, the voltage difference ΔV_(x) is further defined in accordance with the equation (3).

At step 412, the system 100 determines whether a voltage across the sample capacitor 116 reaches a trip voltage V_(trip). In one example, the trip voltage V_(trip) is also generated from and in proportion to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg). The capacitance C_(s) of the sample capacitor 116 is large enough to store multiple times of the number of electric charges when the voltage across the sample capacitor 116 reaches the trip voltage V_(trip).

At step 414, if the voltage across the sample capacitor 116 does not reach the trip voltage V_(trip), the system 100 switches from the transferring mode back to the charging mode by disconnecting the first end 10 a of the capacitive sensor 10 from the current mirror 206 of the transferring unit 104 and goes back to step 402 to start another cycle. In a preferred embodiment, a second gap time 304 is preferably provided between steps 414 and 402 to ensure break-before-make switch action.

The cycle is repeated until the voltage across the sample capacitor 116 reaches the trip voltage V_(trip). Because both of the supply voltage V_(reg) and reference voltage V_(ref) are generated from and in proportion to the bandgap voltage reference V_(bg) that is a temperature independent voltage reference, the number of electric charges transferred to the sample capacitor 116 in each cycle is stable along with temperature and process.

At step 416, if the voltage across the sample capacitor 116 reaches the trip voltage V_(trip), the system 100 determines the capacitance C_(x) based on repeat cycles of the charging and transferring mode, the voltage difference ΔV_(x) provided by equation (3), and the capacitance C_(s) of the sample capacitor 116.

The description of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions, and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, as described in the claims. 

1. A system, comprising: a first input terminal configured to couple a first end of a capacitive sensor; a second input terminal configured to couple a second end of the capacitive sensor; a switching unit coupled to the first and second input terminals, and configured to switch between a charging mode and a transferring mode; a transferring unit with an input node configured to be electrically coupled to the first end of the capacitive sensor in the transferring mode, the transferring unit configured to discharge the capacitive sensor in the transferring mode, the transferring unit comprising: a current mirror configured to: discharge the capacitive sensor with a discharging current until a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor decreases to a predetermined voltage, and transfer a number of electric charges to a sample capacitor by mirroring the discharging current; and set a bias voltage at the input node of the transferring unit based on a reference voltage, wherein the predetermined voltage is based on the bias voltage.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the switching unit comprises: a first switch coupled between the first input terminal and a first supply voltage; a second switch coupled between the second input terminal and ground; and a third switch coupled between the second input terminal and a second supply voltage; wherein in a first phase, the first switch and the second switch are closed and the third switch is open to charge the capacitive sensor from the first end thereof, and in a second phase, the first switch and the second switch are open and the third switch is closed to raise the voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor to a second predetermined voltage.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the switching unit is further configured to: in a first phase of the charging mode, connect the capacitive sensor to a first supply voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor until a voltage difference between the first end and the second end of the capacitive sensor reaches a first voltage threshold; and in a second phase of the charging mode, disconnect the capacitive sensor from the first supply voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor when the voltage difference between the first end and the second end of the capacitive sensor reaches a first voltage threshold; and in the second phase of the charging mode, connect the capacitive sensor to a second supply voltage.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first voltage threshold is based on the first supply voltage.
 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the first and second supply voltages are a same supply voltage.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the switching unit is further configured to: in the second phase of the charging mode after the capacitive sensor is connected to the second supply voltage, raising a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor to a second voltage threshold.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is based on a bandgap voltage reference.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the current mirror comprises: at least one PMOS current mirror; at least one NMOS current mirror; and a translinear loop coupled to the at least one PMOS current mirror and at least one NMOS current mirror
 9. A system operable between a charging mode and a transferring mode, comprising: a first input terminal configured to couple a first end of a capacitive sensor; and a transferring unit with an input node configured to be electrically coupled to the first end of the capacitive sensor in the transferring mode, comprising: a current mirror comprising at least one PMOS current mirror, at least one NMOS current mirror, and a translinear loop coupled to the at least one PMOS current mirror and at least one NMOS current mirror, the current mirror configured to: discharge the capacitive sensor with a discharging current until a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor decreases to a first predetermined voltage and transfers a number of electric charges to a sample capacitor by mirroring the discharging current; and set a bias voltage at the input node of the transferring unit based on a reference voltage, wherein the first predetermined voltage is based on the bias voltage.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the reference voltage is based on a bandgap voltage reference.
 11. The system of claim 9, further comprising: a second input terminal configured to couple a second end of the capacitive sensor; and a switching unit coupled to the first and second input terminals, and configured to: in a first phase of the charging mode, arrange the capacitive sensor to be charged by a first supply voltage from the first end of the capacitive sensor until a voltage difference between the first and second ends of the capacitive sensor reaches a second predetermined voltage; and in a second phase, disconnect the first end of the capacitive sensor from the first supply voltage and couple the second end of the capacitive sensor to a second supply voltage to raise a voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor to a third predetermined voltage.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the switching unit comprises: a first switch coupled between the first input terminal and the first supply voltage; a second switch coupled between the second input terminal and ground; and a third switch coupled between the second input terminal and the second supply voltage, wherein in the first phase, the first switch and the second switch are closed and the third switch is open to charge the capacitive sensor from the first end thereof, and in the second phase, the first switch and the second switch are open and the third switch is closed to raise the voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor to the third predetermined voltage.
 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the second predetermined voltage is based on the first supply voltage, and the third predetermined voltage is based on the first and second supply voltages.
 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the first and second supply voltages are a same supply voltage.
 15. A method of measuring capacitance of a capacitive sensor, comprising: providing a reference voltage to a current mirror transferring unit; setting a bias voltage at an input node of the current mirror transferring unit based on a reference voltage; coupling the input node of the current mirror transferring unit to a capacitive sensor; and discharging, by the current mirror transferring unit, the capacitive sensor with a discharging current until a voltage at the capacitive sensor reaches a voltage threshold based on the bias voltage.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the current mirror transferring unit comprises: at least one PMOS current mirror; at least one NMOS current mirror; and a translinear loop coupled to the at least one PMOS current mirror and the at least one NMOS current mirror.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the reference voltage is based on a bandgap voltage reference.
 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising: transferring, by the transferring unit, a number of electric charges to a sample capacitor by mirroring the discharging current.
 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: in a first phase of a charging mode, connecting the capacitive sensor to a first supply voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor until a voltage difference across terminals of the capacitive sensor reaches a predetermined charging voltage threshold; and in a second phase of the charging mode, disconnecting the capacitive sensor from the first supply voltage at the first end of the capacitive sensor when the voltage difference across the terminals of the capacitive sensor reaches the predetermined charging voltage threshold; and in the second phase of the charging mode, connecting the capacitive sensor to a second supply voltage when the voltage difference across the terminals of the capacitive sensor reaches the predetermined charging voltage threshold.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the predetermined charging voltage threshold is based on the first supply voltage, and wherein the first and second supply voltages are a same supply voltage. 